This is a simple sugar, or monosaccharide.

这是一种结构简单的，或者叫单。

Now, there is no simple sugar in coffee.

咖啡里没有单。

Complex carbohydrates, on the other hand, have three or more simple sugars strung together.

另一方面，复合碳水化合物，是由两种或者三种单形成的。

Eating just simple sugars is almost as insignificant to your appetite as drinking water.

只吃对你的食欲几乎和喝水一样微不足道。

So simple sugars, whether they're natural or added, are mixtures of monosaccharides or disaccharides.

前述的简单类，不管是天然还是添加，都是单与双的混合物。

Therefore, it actually burns some calories and doesn't absorb all those simple sugars as rapidly.

因此，它实际上会燃烧掉一些卡路里，并没有迅速吸收所有的单。

Now, researchers have figured out how simple sugars wipe out a particular strain of beneficial gut microbes.

现在，研究人员已经知道单灭肠道内一种特殊微生物的方式。

This powers the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose, the simple sugar plants need to grow.

这个过程也使二氧化碳和水转化成了葡萄。而葡萄就是植物生长不可或缺的简单类。

Now, lactose is a dye saccharide sugar, meaning it's composed of two simple sugar building blocks, glucose and galactose.

是一种染料，这意味着它由两个简单的块组成，葡萄和半。

Starches don't taste sweet like simple sugars because they don't activate taste buds in the same way.

淀粉尝起来没有单的甜味，因为它们激活味蕾的方式不同。

And if you're gonna go for a snack, the main thing here is don't just reach for simple sugars.

如果要吃点心的话，主要问题是不要摄入单。

In order for your body to digest lactos, it has to break the bond between these two simple sugars.

为了让你的身体化，它必须打破这两种单之间的连接。

These are maltase, sucrase, and lactase, which break down the short chains of sugars called oligosaccharides into simple sugars, called monosaccharides.

它们包括麦芽酶、蔗酶与酶；它们能将称为寡的短链聚合分解成简单类，或称单。

Those simple sugars then move along to the respirators, another set of microbes that snatch up these simple sugars and burn them as fuel.

这些简单类会被输送至进行呼吸作用的细菌，这些微生物会吸收简单类，并将之作为生物能源耗掉。

When exposed to enzymes in the saliva, carbohydrates get broken down into simpler sugars, which can become the fodder for those ravenous mouth bacteria.

这些全都含有醣类（碳水化合物）当醣类遇到唾液中的酶时，碳水化合物被分解成较简单的。

Like I said before, our cells prefer to do business in the really basic currency of monomers, like amino acids, fatty acids, and simple sugars.

就像我之前说的，我们的细胞更喜欢用单体的基本货币做生意，比如氨基酸、脂肪酸和单。

There's an enzymatic reaction that starts occurring where amylase, naturally present in flour, starts to convert starch into simple sugars that the yeast can then consume.

当面粉中天然存在的淀粉酶开始将淀粉转化为酵母可以食用的单时，就会发生酶反应。

Not only do we drink a lot of water, but we also drink electrolyte replenishment beverages that also have a source of carbohydrates, of complex carbohydrates, not simple sugars.

我们不仅会喝很多水，我们还喝电解质补充饮料，这些饮料也含有碳水化合物，复合碳水化合物，不是单。

Fiber is critical because it can slow down the rate of absorption of simple sugars like glucose in the small intestine which can help maintain healthy blood glucose levels.

纤维素对人体很重要，它们可以延缓葡萄等简单类在小肠内的吸收速率，这便有助于人体维持健康的血浓度。

If the meal was high in simple sugars, like a donut, the alertness wore off quickly, whereas if the meal was high in fiber and carbohydrates, like oats, alertness lasted longer throughout the morning.

而如果食物富含单醣类，例如甜甜圈人们吃完后注意力会快速下降，但如果食物富含纤维以及碳水化合物，像是燕麦，人们吃完后注意力能维持整个早上。