Eating just simple sugars is almost as insignificant to your appetite as drinking water.

吃糖对你的食欲几乎和喝水一样微不足道。

This is a simple sugar, or monosaccharide.

这是一种结构简单的糖，或者叫单糖。

Now, there is no simple sugar in coffee.

咖啡里没有单糖。

So simple sugars, whether they're natural or added, are mixtures of monosaccharides or disaccharides.

前述的简单糖类，不管是天然糖还是添加糖，都是单糖与双糖的混合物。

Therefore, it actually burns some calories and doesn't absorb all those simple sugars as rapidly.

因此，它实际上会燃烧掉一些卡路里，并没有迅速吸收所有的单糖。

Any excess protein is converted to a simple sugar.

任何多余的蛋白质都会被转化为简单的糖分。

Now, researchers have figured out how simple sugars wipe out a particular strain of beneficial gut microbes.

现在，研究人员已经知道单糖消灭肠道内一种特殊微生物的方式。

Starches don't taste sweet like simple sugars because they don't activate taste buds in the same way.

淀粉尝起来没有单糖的甜味，因为它们激活味蕾的方式不同。

This powers the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose, the simple sugar plants need to grow.

这个过程也使二氧化碳和水转化成了葡萄糖。而葡萄糖就是植物生长不可或缺的简单糖类。

And if you're gonna go for a snack, the main thing here is don't just reach for simple sugars.

如果要吃点心的话，主要问题是不要摄入单糖。

Now, lactose is a dye saccharide sugar, meaning it's composed of two simple sugar building blocks, glucose and galactose.

乳糖是一种染料糖，这意味着它由两个简单的糖块组成，葡萄糖和半乳糖。

In order for your body to digest lactos, it has to break the bond between these two simple sugars.

为了让你的身体消化乳糖，它必须打破这两种单糖之间的连接。

And any excess protein is converted to a simple sugar, which causes problems for those with diabetes.

任何多余的蛋白质都会转化为简单的糖分，这对糖尿病患者来说会引发问题。

These are maltase, sucrase, and lactase, which break down the short chains of sugars called oligosaccharides into simple sugars, called monosaccharides.

它们包括麦芽糖酶、蔗糖酶与乳糖酶；它们能将称为寡糖的短链聚合糖分解成简单糖类，或称单糖。

Complex carbohydrates, on the other hand, have three or more simple sugars strung together.

另一方面，复合碳水化合物由三个或更多的单糖连接而成。

So the neat thing is simple sugars like glucose enter right here.

所以巧妙之处在于，像葡萄糖这样的简单糖类可以直接进入这里。

She is working with dsm-Firmenich, a manufacturer, to find enzymes that can combine simple sugars into longer, complex structures.

她正在与制造商 dsm-Firmenich 合作寻找能够将简单糖结合成更长、更复结构的酶。

Well, friends, we also read here, and any excess protein is converted to a simple sugar, which causes problems for those with diabetes.

朋友们， 我们这里也了解到， 任何过量的蛋白质都会转化为简单的糖分，这对糖尿病患者来说会引发问题。

Those simple sugars then move along to the respirators, another set of microbes that snatch up these simple sugars and burn them as fuel.

这些简单糖类会被输送至进行呼吸作用的细菌，这些微生物会吸收简单糖类，并将之作为生物能源消耗掉。

Like I said before, our cells prefer to do business in the really basic currency of monomers, like amino acids, fatty acids, and simple sugars.

就像我之前说的，我们的细胞更喜欢用单体的基本货币做生意，比如氨基酸、脂肪酸和单糖。